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While all links worked when entries were posted to the database, different publishers
have different policies about retaining articles and providing access to archived material.
Thus some of the links, particularly older ones, may no longer be functional.
For links no longer working, you may be able to gain paid access to text via the publisher's site.
Research in Japan reports a 50% reduction in risk of advanced prostate cancer is associated with drinking green tea.
The findings may help understand why prostate cancer is much lower in Asian compared to Western populations. American Journal of Epidemiology. 17 December 2007. More...
Women exposed to high levels of dioxin have a lower risk of uterine fibroids.
Women were studied 20 years after an industrial accident in Seveso, Italy resulted in widespread contamination with the dioxin, TCDD. Women with the highest levels of exposure had the 38% decreased risk of uterine fibroids suggesting that TCDD has anti-estrogenic effects on the uterus. American J Epidemiology. 1 July 2007. More...
Drinking water contaminated with high levels of arsenic is associated with fetal loss and infant death.
A large study of women in Bangledesh found a 14 percent increase in fetal loss and a 17% increase on infant death for drinking water with more than 50 µg/liter of arsenic. Previous studies have associated high levels of arsenic exposure with stillbirth and spontaneous abortion. American Journal of Epidemiology 15 June 2007. More...
Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke causes poor semen quality in adult men.
In this large Danish study, men who were exposed to more than 19 cigarettes daily during pregnancy had 19% lower semen volume. There were also trends, though not statistically significant, towards lower total sperm count and lower sperm concentrations. American Journal of Epidemiology 15 June 2007. More...
New research indicates chemokines, proteins involved in regulation of inflammation and immune response, may regulate pregnancy.
Women who had miscarriages were more 25% more likely to have elevated levels of epithelial cell-derived neutrophil activating peptide (ENA)-78. ENA-78 regulates formation of new blood vessels and recruits white blood cells. This protein might be an early indicator of miscarriage risk. American Journal of Epidemiology. 15 May 2007. More...
Exposure to DDT in the womb is not associated with a decrease in ano-genital distance.
DDT is broken down to the anti-androgen, DDE, and has been associated with a decreased ano-genital distance in animal models. However, in this study of newborn boys in Mexico, where DDT has been used for malaria control, there was no change in ano-genital distance or penile dimensions as measured by their mother's blood levels of DDE. If DDE has important anti-androgenic effects in humans, it may not be manifest anatomically but may still cause infertility later in life or have an effect only at higher levels of exposure. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1 May 2007. More...
Sexual behavior, if not taken into account properly, can be an important confounder in time to pregnancy studies.
An often used metric in determining fertility/fecundability rates in humans is "time to pregnancy", typically defined as the number of menstrual cycles required to achieve a clinical pregnancy. However, the frequency and timing of sexual intercourse during a given cycle can greatly influence the probability of pregnancy. Well-designed studies investigating the effects of contaminants on time to pregnancy should include sexual behavioral patterns. American Journal of Epidemiology 1 May 2007. More...
Conditions related to hypertension during pregnancy, particularly pre-eclampsia, are associated with lower risk of breast cancer.
A large population-based case-control study of Long Island women found a 30% decreased risk for breast cancer in women who had pre-eclampsia. Women who had multiple occurrences of pre-eclampsia had a 70% decreased risk. This reduction in risk was more pronounced for postmenopausal cases of breast cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology 1 May 2007. More...
There is a non-monotonic relationship between birth weight and risk of Type II diabetes later in life.
In this synthesis or meta-analysis of scientific studies, both low (<2,500g) was associated with a 32% increased risk and high (>4,000 g) birthweight was associated with a 27% increased risk of diabetes later in life. This is yet another study suggesting that fetal programming play an important role in adult-onset disease. American Journal of Epidemiology. 15 April 2007. More...
A large Danish study concludes low birth weight is a risk factor for hospitalization due to infections throughout childhood.
For each 500 gram decrease in birth weight, there was a 9% increased risk of hospitalization. This effect peaked during infancy but persisted up to 10 years of age. Children born at term but of low birth weight also were found to have this effect. American Journal of Epidemiology 1 April 2007. More...
Danish study finds that fertility treatment may compromise the reproductive health of male offspring.
Men conceived through fertility treatment had 45% lower sperm counts, poorer sperm quality smaller testis size, and lower serum testosterone (not statistically significant) than men conceived naturally. Though the cause of these findings is unknown, they raise concerns about the long-term reproductive outcomes in offspring from fertility treatments. American Journal of Epidemiology 1 March 2007. More...
A study of US servicemen finds an association between being tall and risk of testicular cancer.
However, there was no association between amount of dairy consumption or age of puberty onset and testicular tumors. Height as an adult is thought to be determined by age 2 and could signify that exposures early in life are also important for the development of testicular cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology 15 February 2007. More...
Study of Mexican men finds no association between maternal DDE and anogenital distance. (AGD) in newborn males
DDE is an anti-androgen and has previously been shown to cause a decrease in AGD in animal studies. However, in this study of newborn males from Mexico, there was no association between maternal levels of DDE and AGD or penile dimension. Though not observed in this study, potentially important antiandrogenic effects of DDE should be further examined in relation to other reproductive outcomes. American Journal of Epidemiology 31 January 2007. More...
A study of over 1,200 bladder cancer patients in Spain finds a doubling of bladder cancer risk associated with long-term exposure to chlorination by-products.
The patients exposures were compared with over 1200 controls, using geographic information about trihalomethane levels. Residential THM exposure through showering/bathing and swimming in pools were also associated with elevated risks. American Journal of Epidemiology. 19 January 2007. More...
Self-reported residential pesticide use is associated with a 39% increase in breast cancer risk.
Increased risk was seen for lawn and garden pesticide use, but not insect repellants or products to control pet ticks, fleas or lice. This finding comes from a study on Long Island, NY, of 1,508 newly diagnosed women matched with controls. However, there was no indication that higher use caused greater risk. American Journal of Epidemiology. 3 January 2007. More...
Exposure to the pesticide, DDT, impairs normal hormone surges necessary for ovulation and maintenance of early pregnancy.
This prospective study of Chinese women demonstrated that as blood levels of DDT and its metabolites increased, peak levels of progesterone and estrogen were lower than expected around the time of ovulation. This study provides further evidence that DDT interferes with hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. American Journal of Epidemiology 1 December 2006. More...
Higher background levels of DDT are associated with lower skill levels in verbal, memory, quantitative and perceptual- performance tests at age 4 years.
The associations, in a study of 475 children in Spain, were stronger among girls. The authors conclude that the association between prenatal exposure to background, low-level DDT and decreases in preschooler's cognitive skills should be considered when evaluating the risks and benefits of spraying DDT to combat malaria. American Journal of Epidemiology. 4 November 2006. More...
A study of women in China reports that increases in DDT are associated with decreases in estrogen and progesterone levels at crucial times during the menstrual cycle.
More than 500 menstrual cycles were studied totaling over 8,000 days. The results shed light upon earlier work showing an association between DDT and early spontaneous miscarriage. American Journal of Epidemiology. 23 October 2006. More...
Alaskan Native women living in villages with open dumpsites were more likely to have adverse birth outcomes.
Low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation were approximately 2 and 4 times, respectively, more likely in 'high hazard villages.' American Journal of Epidemiology. 14 July 2006. More...
A case-control study in Denmark and Sweden finds no association between parotid gland tumors and the use of mobile phones.
The study matched 60 cases of malignant parotid gland tumors and 112 cases of benign pleomorphic adenomas with appropriate controls. They found no association, regardless of duration of mobile phone use, including use for more than 10 years' duration. American Journal of Epidemiology. 14 July 2006. More...
Exposure to high levels of arsenic in West Bengal, India is associated with an increase in stillbirth.
Exposure to high concentrations of arsenic (≥200 µg/liter) during pregnancy was associated with a sixfold increased risk of stillbirth. Women with skin lesions caused by arsenic had a 13-fold increase in stillbirth. There was only a weak association with neonatal death and no association was found between arsenic and miscarriage or overall infant mortality. American Journal of Epidemiology 1 April 2006. More...
In a large study of US women living on farms, use of pesticides is associated with a later age at menopause.
Women who used pesticides underwent menopause an average of 3 months later compared to women who did not use pesticides. This increased to a 5 month delay when hormonally-active pesticides were used, such as atrazine, DDT, lindane, or mancozeb/maneb. Previous studies have found an earlier age at menopause with pesticide exposure; this may be due to differing endocrine disrupting effects in different types of pesticides or differences in study design. American Journal of Epidemiology 22 February 2006. More...
Direct measurements of chlorination byproducts in a municipal water supply reveal that levels in water above 70 µg/liter during the second trimester are associated with lower birth weight.
The increased risk of low birth weight among minority women was almost double that of white women, 60% vs. 37% increase, respectively. American Journal of Epidemiology. 26 December 2005. More...
Science Byte: Higher exposure to the pesticide diazinon is associated with greater risk of lung cancer, among pesticide applicators in North Carolina and Iowa.
The high exposure group was 4 times more likely to develop the disease. This pattern was seen even after taking tobacco use into account. An association was also seen with leukemia risk, but not prostate cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology. 29 November 2005. More...
Exposure to PCBs and DDT found to be weakly associated with impaired fertility.
In a study of women from the 1960s, a time when PCB and DDT levels were historically high, elevated levels of PCBs (> 5 ppb) and DDE (>60 ppb) were associated with an increased time to pregnancy. Although animal studies have found similar effects, the results in this study did not reach statistical significance. American Journal of Epidemiology 15 September 2005. More...
Preterm birth is linked to air pollution in the Los Angeles basin.
Mothers living in neighborhoods with concentrated poverty, unemployment and dependence on public assistance are at disproportionately high risk. Winter season increased susceptibility further. American Journal of Epidemiology 30 June 2005. More...
Science Byte: Research on farmer's wives reports an increased risk of retinal degeneration associated with using fungicides.
Self-reported retinal degeneration was 90% more likely in farmers' wives who used fungicides. Three compounds appeared to drive the association: maneb, mancozeb and ziram. The results are consistent with studies of farmer pesticide applicators. American Journal of Epidemiology. 18 May 2005. More...
Pregnant women with partners older than age 35 have a greater risk of miscarriage.
In women less than 30 years of age, there was a 56% increase in the rate of first trimester miscarriage when the father was older than 35. This likely occurs because of chromosomal anomalies in sperm from older men. American Journal of Epidemiology 1 May 2005. More...
Science Byte: A case-control study in Sweden finds no indication of an increased risk of brain tumors associated with long-term use of mobile phones.
Detailed information about mobile phone use was obtained from several hundred people with either glioma or meningioma. The research compared them with over 600 controls. American Journal of Epidemiology. 14 March 2005. More...
Science Byte: Preventing second-hand smoke exposure may be an effective way of protecting children from asthma, according to a new study.
Dietary fruit intake and proximity of home to a main road were not associated with asthma risk. American Journal of Epidemiology 18 February 2005. More...
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